Crop Knowledge Master | Fungi | |
Phytophthora Primer |
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General Information Summary |
Pathogens & Hosts | Taxonomy | Characteristics | Disease Types | Management | Graphics | References |
Authors
Andrew K. Gonsalves, Educational Specialist
Stephen A. Ferreira, Extension Plant Pathologist
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Over fourteen Phytophthora species have been reported to occur in Hawaii (Raabe, et al., 1981). The following is a list of the reported pathogens from this genus (Phytophthora) and the hosts they infect. The list is organized by the scientific name of the pathogen species (CAPITAL LETTERS), followed by the various susceptible plant hosts. Words in blue indicate what symptom or disease a given pathogen causes on the listed hosts.
PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM
Root Rot:
Laeliocattleya sp.
PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI
Crown Rot:
sweet pepper (Capsicum frutescens)
Fruit Rot:
papaya (Carica papaya)
Raceme Blight:
macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)
PHYTOPHTHORA CASTANEAE
coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)
PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI
Decline:
koa (Acacia koa var. koa)
Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus. saligna)
Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata var. australis)
silkwood (Flindersia brayleyana)
Gouldia terminalis var. macrocarpa
Moderately Tolerant to the Fungus:
Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
Root Rot:
onion (Allium cepa)
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
Antidesma pulvinatum
protea (Banksia menzeisii)
pu'aha-nui (Broussaisia pellucida)
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Cheirodendron sp.
Hawaiian tree fern (Cibotium chamissoi)
Cibotium glaucum
Cibotium splendens
kukai-nene (Coprosoma ernodeoides)
pilo (Coprosoma menziensii)
false staghorn fern (Dicranopteris linearis)
ie'ie (Freycinetia arborea)
pincushion protea (Leucospermum cordifolium)
tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Malabar melastoma (Melastoma malabathricum)
'ohi'a lehua (Metrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha)
sea bean (Mucuna gigantea)
kolea (Myrsine lessartiana)
Pandanus sp.
avocado (Persea americana)
mamake (Pipturus albidus)
Protea cynaroides
Protea sp.
strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)
kopiko, opiko (Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hillebrandii)
Rhododendron sp.
Mexican clover (Richardia brasiliensis)
castor bean (Ricinus communis)
thimbleberry (Rubus rosaefolius)
mamane (Sophora chrysophylla)
pukiawe (Styphelia tameiamiae)
arborvitae, white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
Seedling Root Rot, Tree Decline:
Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla)
Trunk Canker:
macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)
Other:
Eucalyptus baxteri
Eucalyptus calophylla
lemon-scented gum (Eucalyptus citrodora)
Eucalyptus marginata
stringy bark (Eucalyptus obliqua)
black butt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta)
mountain ash (Eucalyptus sieberiana)
Gleichenia emarginata
club moss (Lycopodium sp.)
olomea (Perrottetia sandwiciensis)
PHYTOPHTHORA CITROPHTHORA
Fruit Brown Rot:
lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
Seville orange (Citrus aurantium)
sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PHYTOPHTHORA COLOCASIAE
Phytophthora Leaf Blight:
taro (Colocasia esculenta)
Other:
Chinese taro (Alocasia cucullata)
PHYTOPHTHORA DRECHSLERI
Canker:
koa haole, lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala)
Root Rot:
onion (Allium cepa)
spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
corn, maize (Zea mays)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS
Late Blight:
tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
PHYTOPHTHORA KATSURAE
coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)
PHYTOPHTHORA MANOANA
Root Rot:
castor bean (Ricinus communis)
Other:
onion (Allium cepa)
PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE var. PARASITICA
Phytophthora Blight:
macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)
PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA
Black Rot:
Dendrobium sp.
Heart Rot:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
Phytophthora Blight:
macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)
Root Rot:
Cattleya sp.
velvety rattlebox (Crotalaria incana)
fig (Ficus carica)
tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
lady-slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum sp.)
Peperomia obtusifolia
Mexican clover (Richardia brasiliensis)
castor bean (Ricinus communis)
Other:
onion (Allium cepa)
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
papaya (Carica papaya)
coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)
Epidendrum sp.
Florida velvet bean (Mucuna deeringianum)
sea bean (Mucuna gigantea)
Vanda sp.
PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA
Fruit Rot:
eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Fruit and Stem Rot, Damping-Off:
papaya (Carica papaya)
Heart Rot:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
Leafspot:
ti (Cordyline terminalis)
Root Rot:
snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)
beggar ticks, bur marigold (Bidens pilosa)
coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
velvety rattlebox (Crotalaria incana)
Crotalaria sp.
carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis var. ananasa)
Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
Hibiscus sp.
star jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum)
tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
Mexican clover (Richardia brasiliensis)
castor bean (Ricinus communis)
Stem and Leaf Blight:
big-leaf periwinkle (Vinca major)
common periwinkle (Vinca minor)
Madagascar periwinkle (Vinca sp.)
Other:
shallot (Allium ascalonicum)
onion (Allium cepa)
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Catharanthus sp.
Florida velvet bean (Mucuna deeringianum)
sea bean (M. gigantea)
PHYTOPHTHORA SP.
Crown Rot:
gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa)
Damping-Off and Root Rot:
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
Leafspot:
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)
Root Rot:
Cucurbita sp.
tawny daylily (Hemerocallis)
Hemerocallis sp.
yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.sp. flavicarpa)
knob-cone pine (Pinus attenuata)
African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha)
Other:
lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)
giant redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
Vanda sp.
KINGDOM: Mycetae (fungi)
DIVISION: Eumycota
SUBDIVISION: Mastigomycotina
CLASS: Oomycetes (water molds, white rusts, downy mildews)
ORDER: Peronosporales
FAMILY: Pythiaceae
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
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TYPES OF DISEASES
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Agrios, G.N. 1988. Plant Pathology, 3rd edition. Academic Press, Inc: San Diego. 803 pp.
Farr, , D.F., G.F. Bills, G.P. Chamuris, and A.Y. Rossman. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. APS PRESS: St. Paul, Minnesota. 1252 pp.
Raabe, Robert D., Ibra L. Conners, and Albert P. Martinez. 1981. Checklist of Plant Diseases in Hawaii. Hawaii Institute of Agriculture and Human Resources, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii (Information Text Series 022).
Streets, R.B. 1982. The Diagnosis of Plant Diseases: a field and laboratory manual emphasizing the most practical methods for rapid identification. The University of Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona.
JUNE 1994
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