Crop Knowledge Master Fungi

Phytophthora Primer

General Information Summary
Pathogens & Hosts Taxonomy Characteristics Disease Types Management Graphics References

Authors

Andrew K. Gonsalves, Educational Specialist

Stephen A. Ferreira, Extension Plant Pathologist

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources

University of Hawaii at Manoa

PATHOGENS & HOSTS

Over fourteen Phytophthora species have been reported to occur in Hawaii (Raabe, et al., 1981). The following is a list of the reported pathogens from this genus (Phytophthora) and the hosts they infect. The list is organized by the scientific name of the pathogen species (CAPITAL LETTERS), followed by the various susceptible plant hosts. Words in blue indicate what symptom or disease a given pathogen causes on the listed hosts.

PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM

Root Rot:

Laeliocattleya sp.

PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI

Crown Rot:

sweet pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

Fruit Rot:

papaya (Carica papaya)

Raceme Blight:

macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)

PHYTOPHTHORA CASTANEAE

coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI

Decline:

koa (Acacia koa var. koa)

Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus. saligna)

Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata var. australis)

silkwood (Flindersia brayleyana)

Gouldia terminalis var. macrocarpa

Moderately Tolerant to the Fungus:

Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)

Root Rot:

onion (Allium cepa)

pineapple (Ananas comosus)

Antidesma pulvinatum

protea (Banksia menzeisii)

pu'aha-nui (Broussaisia pellucida)

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

Cheirodendron sp.

Hawaiian tree fern (Cibotium chamissoi)

Cibotium glaucum

Cibotium splendens

kukai-nene (Coprosoma ernodeoides)

pilo (Coprosoma menziensii)

false staghorn fern (Dicranopteris linearis)

ie'ie (Freycinetia arborea)

pincushion protea (Leucospermum cordifolium)

tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Malabar melastoma (Melastoma malabathricum)

'ohi'a lehua (Metrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha)

sea bean (Mucuna gigantea)

kolea (Myrsine lessartiana)

Pandanus sp.

avocado (Persea americana)

mamake (Pipturus albidus)

Protea cynaroides

Protea sp.

strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)

kopiko, opiko (Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hillebrandii)

Rhododendron sp.

Mexican clover (Richardia brasiliensis)

castor bean (Ricinus communis)

thimbleberry (Rubus rosaefolius)

mamane (Sophora chrysophylla)

pukiawe (Styphelia tameiamiae)

arborvitae, white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)

Seedling Root Rot, Tree Decline:

Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla)

Trunk Canker:

macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)

Other:

Eucalyptus baxteri

Eucalyptus calophylla

lemon-scented gum (Eucalyptus citrodora)

Eucalyptus marginata

stringy bark (Eucalyptus obliqua)

black butt (Eucalyptus pilularis)

swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta)

mountain ash (Eucalyptus sieberiana)

Gleichenia emarginata

club moss (Lycopodium sp.)

olomea (Perrottetia sandwiciensis)

PHYTOPHTHORA CITROPHTHORA

Fruit Brown Rot:

lime (Citrus aurantifolia)

Seville orange (Citrus aurantium)

sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)

Other:

pineapple (Ananas comosus)

PHYTOPHTHORA COLOCASIAE

Phytophthora Leaf Blight:

taro (Colocasia esculenta)

Other:

Chinese taro (Alocasia cucullata)

PHYTOPHTHORA DRECHSLERI

Canker:

koa haole, lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala)

Root Rot:

onion (Allium cepa)

spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

corn, maize (Zea mays)

Other:

pineapple (Ananas comosus)

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS

Late Blight:

tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

potato (Solanum tuberosum)

PHYTOPHTHORA KATSURAE

coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

PHYTOPHTHORA MANOANA

Root Rot:

castor bean (Ricinus communis)

Other:

onion (Allium cepa)

PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE var. PARASITICA

Phytophthora Blight:

macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)

PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA

Black Rot:

Dendrobium sp.

Heart Rot:

pineapple (Ananas comosus)

Phytophthora Blight:

macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)

Root Rot:

Cattleya sp.

velvety rattlebox (Crotalaria incana)

fig (Ficus carica)

tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

lady-slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum sp.)

Peperomia obtusifolia

Mexican clover (Richardia brasiliensis)

castor bean (Ricinus communis)

Other:

onion (Allium cepa)

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

papaya (Carica papaya)

coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

Epidendrum sp.

Florida velvet bean (Mucuna deeringianum)

sea bean (Mucuna gigantea)

Vanda sp.

PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA

Fruit Rot:

eggplant (Solanum melongena)

Fruit and Stem Rot, Damping-Off:

papaya (Carica papaya)

Heart Rot:

pineapple (Ananas comosus)

Leafspot:

ti (Cordyline terminalis)

Root Rot:

snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)

beggar ticks, bur marigold (Bidens pilosa)

coriander (Coriandrum sativum)

velvety rattlebox (Crotalaria incana)

Crotalaria sp.

carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis var. ananasa)

Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

Hibiscus sp.

star jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum)

tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)

parsley (Petroselinum crispum)

Mexican clover (Richardia brasiliensis)

castor bean (Ricinus communis)

Stem and Leaf Blight:

big-leaf periwinkle (Vinca major)

common periwinkle (Vinca minor)

Madagascar periwinkle (Vinca sp.)

Other:

shallot (Allium ascalonicum)

onion (Allium cepa)

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

Catharanthus sp.

Florida velvet bean (Mucuna deeringianum)

sea bean (M. gigantea)

PHYTOPHTHORA SP.

Crown Rot:

gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa)

Damping-Off and Root Rot:

Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Leafspot:

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)

Root Rot:

Cucurbita sp.

tawny daylily (Hemerocallis)

Hemerocallis sp.

yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.sp. flavicarpa)

knob-cone pine (Pinus attenuata)

African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha)

Other:

lime (Citrus aurantifolia)

coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

giant redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum)

Vanda sp.

TAXONOMY

KINGDOM: Mycetae (fungi)

DIVISION: Eumycota

SUBDIVISION: Mastigomycotina

CLASS: Oomycetes (water molds, white rusts, downy mildews)

ORDER: Peronosporales

FAMILY: Pythiaceae

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

No information is available for this section at the moment, please check future Knowledge Master Versions.

TYPES OF DISEASES

No information is available for this section at the moment, please check future Knowledge Master Versions.

MANAGEMENT

No information is available for this section at the moment, please check future Knowledge Master Versions.

REFERENCES

Agrios, G.N. 1988. Plant Pathology, 3rd edition. Academic Press, Inc: San Diego. 803 pp.

Farr, , D.F., G.F. Bills, G.P. Chamuris, and A.Y. Rossman. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. APS PRESS: St. Paul, Minnesota. 1252 pp.

Raabe, Robert D., Ibra L. Conners, and Albert P. Martinez. 1981. Checklist of Plant Diseases in Hawaii. Hawaii Institute of Agriculture and Human Resources, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii (Information Text Series 022).

Streets, R.B. 1982. The Diagnosis of Plant Diseases: a field and laboratory manual emphasizing the most practical methods for rapid identification. The University of Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona.

 

 

JUNE 1994

 

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