Crop Knowledge Master | Fungi | |
Pythium Primer |
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General Information Summary |
Pathogens & Hosts | Taxonomy | Characteristics | Disease Types | Management | Graphics | References |
Authors
Andrew K. Gonsalves, Educational Specialist
Stephen A. Ferreira, Extension Plant Pathologist
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Over twenty Pythium species have been reported to occur in Hawaii (Raabe, et al., 1981). The following is a list of the reported pathogens from this genus (Pythium) and the hosts they infect. The list is organized by the scientific name of the pathogen species (CAPITAL LETTERS), followed by the various susceptible plant hosts. Words in blue indicate what symptom or disease a given pathogen causes on the listed hosts.
PYTHIUM ACANTHOPHORON
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM
Basal Stem Rot:
banana (Musa acuminata, AAA)
Crown and Root Rot:
taro (Colocasia esculenta)
Schlumbergera truncata
Root Rot:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
sweet pepper (Capsicum frutescens)
watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris)
croton (Codiaeum variegatum)
ti (Cordyline terminalis)
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)
Dracaena deremensis
Echeveria sp.
English lavender (Lavandula officinalis)
Hawaiian holly (Leea coccinea)
tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
bitter melon (Momordica charantia)
rice (Oryza sativa)
yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.sp. flavicarpa)
Phlox sp.
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
Verbena peruviana
corn, maize (Zea mays)
ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Zoysia sp.
Other:
papaya (Carica papaya)
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
PYTHIUM ARRHENOMANES
Root Rot:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
banana (Musa acuminata, AAA)
mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
corn, maize (Zea mays)
Rootlet Rot:
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Other:
Billbergia sp.
honohono grass (Commelina diffusa)
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
para grass (Panicum purpurascens)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
broad bean (Vicia faba)
PYTHIUM ARTOTROGUS
Root Rot:
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)
mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)
Other:
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
para grass (Panicum purpurascens)
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
cowpea (Vigna sinensis)
PYTHIUM ARTOTROGUS var. MACROCANTHUM
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM CAROLINEANUM
Root and Corm Rot:
taro (Colocasia esculenta)
PYTHIUM DEBARYANUM
Root Rot:
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
corn, maize (Zea mays)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
taro (Colocasia esculenta)
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
broad bean (Vicia faba)
cowpea (Vigna sinensis)
PYTHIUM DIMERON
sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
PYTHIUM GRAMINICOLA
Root and Corm Rot:
taro (Colocasia esculenta)
Other:
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
ginger (Zingiber officinale)
PYTHIUM INDIGOFERAE
Root Rot:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM INTERMEDIUM
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM IRREGULARE
Root Rot:
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)
sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
broad bean (Vicia faba)
PYTHIUM ?MAMMILLATUM
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM MEGALACANTHUM
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM POLYMORPHON
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
PYTHIUM ROSTRATUM
Root Rot:
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
corn, maize (Zea mays)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
para grass (Panicum purpurascens)
broad bean (Vicia faba)
PYTHIUM SP.
Damping-Off:
Tabebuia pentiphylla
Root Rot:
Formosan koa (Acacia confusa)
Norway maple (Acer platanoides)
maidenhair fern (Adiantum decorum)
Agave victoriae-reginae
Aglaonema sp.
red ginger (Alpinia purpurata)
aphelandra (Aphelandra squarrosa)
celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce)
columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris)
Asparagus setaceus
Asparagus sprengeri
Begonia sp.
cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Chinese or celery cabbage (Brassica pekinensis)
box (Buxus microphylla var. japonica)
cockscomb (Celosia argentea var. cristata)
parlor palm (Chamaedorea elegans)
golden-fruited palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)
florist's chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
Chryothemis pulchella
tangerine (Citrus reticulata)
pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
Cucurbita sp.
Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Dracaena fragrans var. massangeana
Elaeocarpus sp.
centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides)
grape gardenia (Ervatamia divaricata)
Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
Malayan spurge tree (Euphorbia antiquorum)
poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
Gardenia sp.
Transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii)
baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata)
Hedera sp.
kahili ginger (Hedychium garderianum)
hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus)
Impatiens sp.
Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambae)
head lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata)
pincushion protea (Leucospermum cordifolium)
privet (Ligustrum sp.)
paperbark (Melaleuca leucadendra)
orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata)
sword fern (Nephrolepis biserrata)
Nephrolepis exaltata
oleander (Nerium oleander)
olive (Olea europea)
Pelargonium hortorum
Peperomia caperata
Peperomia reflexa
avocado (Persea americana)
Philodendron micans
hares-foot fern (Phlebodium aureum)
artillery plant (Pilea macrophylla)
creeping charlie (Pilea nummularifolia)
Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii)
pea (Pisum sativum)
Pittosporum crassifolium
Japanese pittosporum (Pittosporum tobera)
Plumeria acuminata
bird grass (Poa trivialis)
Podocarpus macrophyllus
leather holly fern (Polystichum adiantiforme)
cottonwood (Populus sp.)
Protea sp.
almond (Prunus amygalus)
Pteris sp.
radish (Raphanus sativus)
azalea (Rhododendron indicum)
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
monkey pod (Samanea saman)
Schefflera sp.
Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera bridgesii)
pathos (Scindapsus aureus)
redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
'ohai (Sesbania tomentosa)
eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Soleirolia repens
sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
bird-of-paradise (Strelitzia reginae)
Tagetes sp.
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides)
wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis)
lime berry (Triphasia trifolia)
nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
Vinca sp.
Viola sp.
Xanthosoma brasiliensis
corn, maize (Zea mays)
cultivated zinnia (Zinnia elegans)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
papaya (Carica papaya)
Musa sp.
rice (Oryza sativa)
petunia (Petunia hybrids)
edible-podded pea (Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon)
Polyscias fruticosa
Spathiphyllum sp.
ginger (Zingiber officinale)
PYTHIUM SPLENDENS
Root Rot:
Aglaonema treubi
anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum)
papala, kepau (Bougainvillea umbellifera)
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
China aster (Callistephus chinensis)
jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)
Cinnamomum camphora
sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Jasminum sp.
Hawaiian holly (Leea coccinea)
yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.sp. flavicarpa)
Peperomia sp.
mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)
Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)
Piper ornatum
panax (Polyscias guilfoylei)
sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)
Spathoglottis sp.
Thuja sp.
common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
cowpea (Vigna sinensis)
corn, maize (Zea mays)
Root and Stem End Rot:
Dieffenbachia ?amoena
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
broad bean (Vicia faba)
PYTHIUM ULTIMUM
Damping-Off:
papaya (Carica papaya)
muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. melo)
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Damping-Off and Root Rot:
giant redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
Root Rot:
Cupressus sempervirens var. stricta
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
PYTHIUM VEXANS
Root Rot:
onion (Allium cepa)
'ohi'a lehua (Metrosideros collina)
castor bean (Ricinus communis)
spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Other:
pineapple (Ananas comosus)
papaya (Carica papaya)
KINGDOM: Mycetae (fungi)
DIVISION: Eumycota
SUBDIVISION: Mastigomycotina (produce zoospores)
CLASS: Oomycetes (water molds, white rusts, downy mildews)
ORDER: Peronosporales
FAMILY: Pythiaceae
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
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TYPES OF DISEASES
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No information is available for this section at the moment, please check future Knowledge Master Versions.
Agrios, G.N. 1988. Plant Pathology, 3rd edition. Academic Press, Inc: San Diego. 803 pp.
Farr, , D.F., G.F. Bills, G.P. Chamuris, and A.Y. Rossman. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. APS PRESS: St. Paul, Minnesota. 1252 pp.
Raabe, Robert D., Ibra L. Conners, and Albert P. Martinez. 1981. Checklist of Plant Diseases in Hawaii. Hawaii Institute of Agriculture and Human Resources, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii (Information Text Series 022).
Streets, R.B. 1982. The Diagnosis of Plant Diseases: a field and laboratory manual emphasizing the most practical methods for rapid identification. The University of Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona.
JUNE 1994
1-PYTHIU